脱硫剂状态

Status of desulfurizer

干法脱硫：使用固体脱硫剂，如常见的氧化铁、活性炭等。这些固体脱硫剂装填在脱硫塔内，以固态形式与沼气中的硫化氢发生反应。

Dry desulfurization: using solid desulfurizers such as common iron oxide, activated carbon, etc. These solid desulfurizers are loaded into the desulfurization tower and react with hydrogen sulfide in the biogas in solid form.

湿法脱硫：采用液体脱硫剂，根据不同原理，有化学吸收法的碱性溶液（如 ADA 法中的蒽醌二磺酸钠碱性溶液），还有物理吸收法的低温甲醇等。液体脱硫剂在设备内循环流动，与沼气接触吸收硫化氢。

Wet desulfurization: using liquid desulfurizer, according to different principles, there are alkaline solutions for chemical absorption method (such as alkaline solution of sodium anthraquinone disulfonate in ADA method), as well as low-temperature methanol for physical absorption method. The liquid desulfurizer circulates and flows inside the equipment, coming into contact with biogas to absorb hydrogen sulfide.

反应原理

Principle

干法脱硫：主要基于化学反应，固体脱硫剂中的成分与硫化氢进行反应。以氧化铁脱硫剂为例，氢氧化铁与硫化氢反应生成硫化铁和水，通过这种化学反应将硫化氢从沼气中脱除。

Dry desulfurization: mainly based on chemical reactions, the components in solid desulfurizers react with hydrogen sulfide. Taking iron oxide desulfurizer as an example, iron hydroxide reacts with hydrogen sulfide to produce iron sulfide and water, and through this chemical reaction, hydrogen sulfide is removed from biogas.

湿法脱硫：化学吸收法是利用碱性溶液与硫化氢发生化学反应，生成硫氢化钠等中间产物，再通过氧化转化为单质硫；物理吸收法则是依据脱硫剂在特定条件下（如低温甲醇洗法中甲醇在低温下）对硫化氢有较高溶解度的物理特性，将硫化氢溶解在液体脱硫剂中从而实现分离。

Wet desulfurization: Chemical absorption method uses alkaline solution to react with hydrogen sulfide to produce intermediate products such as sodium hydrosulfide, which are then converted into elemental sulfur through oxidation; The physical absorption law is based on the physical properties of desulfurizers that have high solubility for hydrogen sulfide under specific conditions (such as methanol at low temperature in low-temperature methanol washing method), and dissolve hydrogen sulfide in liquid desulfurizers to achieve separation.

设备构成与操作

Equipment composition and operation

干法脱硫：设备相对简单，主要是脱硫塔。沼气从脱硫塔底部进入，自下而上穿过装有固体脱硫剂的脱硫塔，在这个过程中硫化氢被吸附脱除。操作时需定期检测脱硫剂的硫容，当脱硫剂吸附饱和后，部分脱硫剂（如氧化铁脱硫剂）可通过通空气再生，若无法再生则需更换。

Dry desulfurization: The equipment is relatively simple, mainly consisting of desulfurization towers. Biogas enters from the bottom of the desulfurization tower and passes through the desulfurization tower containing solid desulfurizer from bottom to top, during which hydrogen sulfide is adsorbed and removed. Regularly check the sulfur capacity of the desulfurizer during operation. When the desulfurizer is saturated with adsorption, some desulfurizers (such as iron oxide desulfurizers) can be regenerated through air circulation. If regeneration is not possible, they need to be replaced.

湿法脱硫：设备较为复杂，一般由吸收塔、再生塔、溶液循环泵等多个部分组成。以 ADA 法为例，沼气在吸收塔内与脱硫液逆流接触，硫化氢被吸收，吸收后的富液进入再生塔，通过鼓入空气进行氧化再生，恢复脱硫能力后经溶液循环泵再次输送至吸收塔循环使用。操作过程中要严格控制脱硫液的温度、酸碱度、浓度等多种参数，以保证脱硫效果的稳定。

Wet desulfurization: The equipment is relatively complex and generally consists of multiple parts such as absorption tower, regeneration tower, solution circulation pump, etc. Taking the ADA method as an example, biogas is in countercurrent contact with desulfurization solution in the absorption tower, and hydrogen sulfide is absorbed. The absorbed rich solution enters the regeneration tower and is oxidized and regenerated by blowing air to restore desulfurization ability. After that, it is transported again to the absorption tower for recycling by the solution circulation pump. During the operation, it is necessary to strictly control various parameters such as temperature, acidity, and concentration of the desulfurization solution to ensure the stability of the desulfurization effect.

适用场景

Applicable scenarios

干法脱硫：适用于小型沼气工程，像农村户用沼气池、小型养殖场沼气工程等。这是因为其工艺简单、设备投资少，且对于硫化氢含量较低（一般低于 1000ppm）、处理气量相对较小的沼气有较好的处理效果。不过，它不适用于高含硫量沼气。

Dry desulfurization: suitable for small-scale biogas projects, such as rural household biogas digesters, small-scale livestock farm biogas projects, etc. This is because its process is simple, equipment investment is low, and it has a good treatment effect on biogas with low hydrogen sulfide content (generally less than 1000ppm) and relatively small gas processing capacity. However, it is not suitable for high sulfur biogas.

湿法脱硫：适合大型沼气工程，例如城市垃圾填埋场沼气发电项目、大型工业废水处理沼气工程等。由于其能够处理高含硫量（超过 3000ppm）的沼气，且处理气量大，能满足大型项目对沼气高效、稳定处理的需求。

Wet desulfurization: suitable for large-scale biogas projects, such as urban landfill biogas power generation projects, large-scale industrial wastewater treatment biogas projects, etc. Due to its ability to process biogas with high sulfur content (over 3000ppm) and large gas processing capacity, it can meet the requirements of large-scale projects for efficient and stable treatment of biogas.

优缺点

advantages and disadvantages

干法脱硫：优点是工艺简单、设备投资少、脱硫精度高，能将硫化氢浓度降至较低水平；缺点是脱硫剂需定期更换或再生，运行成本可能较高，且不适用于高含硫量沼气，处理气量相对较小。

Dry desulfurization: The advantages are simple process, low equipment investment, high desulfurization accuracy, and the ability to reduce hydrogen sulfide concentration to a lower level; The disadvantage is that the desulfurizer needs to be replaced or regenerated regularly, the operating cost may be high, and it is not suitable for high sulfur biogas, with relatively small gas processing capacity.

湿法脱硫：优点是可处理高含硫量沼气，处理气量大，脱硫剂可循环使用；缺点是设备投资大、工艺流程复杂、运行成本较高，且会产生一定量的脱硫废液，需妥善处理，否则易造成二次污染 。

Wet desulfurization: The advantage is that it can process high sulfur biogas, has a large processing capacity, and the desulfurizer can be recycled; The disadvantage is that the equipment investment is large, the process flow is complex, the operating cost is high, and a certain amount of desulfurization waste liquid will be generated, which needs to be properly treated, otherwise it is easy to cause secondary pollution.

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