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微生物的作用
The role of microorganisms
生物脱硫过程中，起主要作用的是一些具有特殊代谢能力的微生物，如氧化亚铁硫杆菌、排硫硫杆菌等。这些微生物能够利用含硫化合物作为能源或硫源，进行生长和代谢活动。
In the process of biological desulfurization, microorganisms with special metabolic abilities play a major role, such as ferrous sulfide bacteria and sulfur releasing bacteria. These microorganisms can utilize sulfur-containing compounds as energy or sulfur sources for growth and metabolic activities.
有机硫的降解
Degradation of organic sulfur
对于有机硫化合物（如噻吩、二苯并噻吩等），微生物通过一系列复杂的酶促反应，将其结构中的硫原子转化为无机硫，进而进行氧化去除。例如，在一些微生物作用下，二苯并噻吩首先被氧化为二苯并噻吩砜，然后进一步被降解为 2 - 羟基联苯和硫酸盐。
For organic sulfur compounds such as thiophene and dibenzothiophene, microorganisms use a series of complex enzymatic reactions to convert the sulfur atoms in their structure into inorganic sulfur, which is then oxidized and removed. For example, under the action of some microorganisms, dibenzothiophene is first oxidized to dibenzothiophene sulfone, and then further degraded into 2-hydroxybiphenyl and sulfate.
微生物代谢与能量获取
Microbial Metabolism and Energy Acquisition
微生物在脱硫过程中，通过氧化含硫化合物获取能量，用于自身的生长、繁殖和代谢活动。同时，微生物利用环境中的碳源、氮源等营养物质，合成细胞物质，维持自身的生命活动。
Microorganisms obtain energy through the oxidation of sulfur-containing compounds during the desulfurization process, which is used for their own growth, reproduction, and metabolic activities. Meanwhile, microorganisms utilize nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen sources in the environment to synthesize cellular substances and maintain their own life activities.
总之，生物脱硫是利用微生物的代谢特性，将有害的含硫化合物转化为无害或可回收利用的物质，从而达到脱硫的目的。这种方法具有环境友好、成本较低、效率较高等优点，在工业废气、废水处理以及煤炭等化石燃料的脱硫领域具有广泛的应用前景。
In short, biological desulfurization utilizes the metabolic characteristics of microorganisms to convert harmful sulfur-containing compounds into harmless or recyclable substances, thereby achieving the goal of desulfurization. This method has the advantages of environmental friendliness, low cost, and high efficiency, and has broad application prospects in the fields of industrial waste gas, wastewater treatment, and desulfurization of fossil fuels such as coal.
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2025-03-28
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