1 热电厂烟气脱硫除尘现状
Current situation of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal in thermal power plants
1.1 除尘效果差，脱硫效率低
1.1 Poor dust removal effect and low desulfurization efficiency
热电厂烟气处理主要包括几个方面：直接处理、化石燃料应用和燃料处理，热电厂生产运营过程中往往在燃料燃烧之前对烟气进行脱硫处理，然而由于脱硫除尘技术应用存在很多问题，并且受到相关应用条件的限制，使得热电厂脱硫除尘效果较差。同时，化石燃料燃烧过程中会产生大量的二氧化硫和粉尘，化石燃料燃烧脱硫是热电厂烟气脱硫除尘的关键，但是很多热电厂的除硫效率较低，往往无法达到除硫技术标准。另外，化石燃料燃烧以后，有些热电厂对烟气中的粉尘和硫化物进行处理，然而受到技术限制，再加上需要很多配套设施，所以热电厂往往难以满足烟气脱硫除尘技术需求，不能直接对烟气脱落除尘。
The flue gas treatment in thermal power plants mainly includes several aspects: direct treatment, fossil fuel application, and fuel treatment. During the production and operation of thermal power plants, flue gas is often desulfurized before fuel combustion. However, due to the many problems in the application of desulfurization and dust removal technology and the limitations of related application conditions, the desulfurization and dust removal effect of thermal power plants is poor. Meanwhile, the combustion process of fossil fuels generates a large amount of sulfur dioxide and dust. Fossil fuel combustion desulfurization is the key to flue gas desulfurization and dust removal in thermal power plants. However, many thermal power plants have low sulfur removal efficiency and often cannot meet the sulfur removal technology standards. In addition, after the combustion of fossil fuels, some thermal power plants treat dust and sulfides in the flue gas. However, due to technological limitations and the need for many supporting facilities, thermal power plants often find it difficult to meet the requirements of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology, and cannot directly remove and remove dust from the flue gas.
1.2 技术创新不足
1.2 Insufficient technological innovation
近年来，煤化石燃料逐渐被电力能源代替，很多燃煤锅炉已经无法满足电力生产需求，烟气脱硫除尘技术应用和推广受到较大限制。和发达国家相比，我国热电厂在生产技术方面还存在一段距离，由于技术创新不足，热电厂的烟气脱硫除尘处理效果较差，造成热电厂往往难以控制烟气的含硫量。
In recent years, coal fossil fuels have gradually been replaced by electric energy, and many coal-fired boilers are no longer able to meet the needs of power production. The application and promotion of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology are greatly limited. Compared with developed countries, there is still a gap in production technology for thermal power plants in China. Due to insufficient technological innovation, the flue gas desulfurization and dust removal treatment effect of thermal power plants is poor, making it difficult for them to control the sulfur content of flue gas.
1.3 资金投入不足
1.3 Insufficient capital investment
很多热电厂对于烟气脱硫除尘技术的资金投入不足，很多生产运营设备比较落后，更新换代缓慢，由于缺少投入资金，烟气脱硫除尘技术应用存在很多困难，这直接影响了热电厂的烟气脱落除尘效果。
Many thermal power plants have insufficient investment in flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology, and many production and operation equipment are relatively backward, with slow updates. Due to the lack of investment funds, there are many difficulties in the application of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology, which directly affects the effectiveness of flue gas separation and dust removal in thermal power plants.
2 热电厂烟气脱硫除尘技术
2. Desulfurization and dust removal technology for flue gas in thermal power plants
2.1 湿法脱硫除尘
2.1 Wet desulfurization and dust removal
(1)氧化镁法。氧化镁法主要是对烟道气体使用氧化镁浆液进行脱硫，热电厂烟气和氧化镁浆液接触发生化学反应会产生*和亚*，然后再配合碳粉，利用还原作用产生氧化镁。这种氧化镁脱硫法可获取二氧化硫，并且可以直接加工成硫酸。
(1) Magnesium oxide method. The magnesium oxide method mainly uses magnesium oxide slurry for desulfurization of flue gas. The chemical reaction between the flue gas of a thermal power plant and the magnesium oxide slurry will produce * and sub *, which are then combined with carbon powder to produce magnesium oxide through reduction. This magnesium oxide desulfurization method can obtain sulfur dioxide and can be directly processed into sulfuric acid.
(2)石灰乳法。热电厂烟气脱硫除尘采用石灰乳法，其可发生两种化学反应，一方面，二氧化硫和石灰发生化学反应生成亚硫酸钙；另一方面，在空气环境中亚硫酸钙和氧气接触以后生成硫酸钙。这种石灰乳法在热电厂烟气脱硫除尘中的应用，不仅原料来源容易，操作简单，而且脱硫流程简单，成本较低。在实际应用中应注意硫酸钙利用和设备结垢问题。
(2) Lime milk method. The flue gas desulfurization and dust removal in thermal power plants adopts the lime milk method, which can undergo two chemical reactions. On the one hand, sulfur dioxide and lime undergo a chemical reaction to produce calcium sulfite; On the other hand, in the air environment, calcium sulfate is generated after contact with oxygen and calcium sulfite. The application of this lime milk method in flue gas desulfurization and dust removal in thermal power plants not only has an easy source of raw materials and simple operation, but also has a simple desulfurization process and lower cost. In practical applications, attention should be paid to the utilization of calcium sulfate and equipment scaling issues.
(3)亚钠法。亚钠法在烟气脱硫除尘中的应用，主要利用Na2CO3溶液，二氧化硫和Na2CO3溶液发生化学反应，生成亚硫酸氢钠和亚硫酸钠，并且亚硫酸氢钠和亚硫酸钠可以直接溶解在水中，不会引起脱硫除尘设备发生结垢问题，但是无法回收利用亚硫酸盐，只能转变为废气液体。
(3) Sodium sulfite method. The application of sodium sulfite method in flue gas desulfurization and dust removal mainly utilizes Na2CO3 solution, sulfur dioxide and Na2CO3 solution to undergo chemical reaction, generating sodium bisulfite and sodium sulfite. Sodium bisulfite and sodium sulfite can be directly dissolved in water, without causing scaling problems in desulfurization and dust removal equipment. However, sulfite cannot be recycled and can only be converted into waste gas liquid.
2.2 干法脱硫除尘
2.2 Dry desulfurization and dust removal
(1)沸石吸附。沸石吸附是一种重要的干法烟气脱硫除尘技术，这种方法主要包括冷却、再生、解吸、吸附等环节，在实际应用中沸石吸附烟气脱硫除尘流程比较简单，而且也不会发生设备结垢和废水淤泥等问题，根据热电厂烟气脱硫除尘技术要求，在320摄氏度环境条件下对热电厂烟气用干燥空气吹洗，可实现沸石回收再生利用，不仅可实现良好脱硫效果，而且生产成本较低。
(1) Zeolite adsorption. Zeolite adsorption is an important dry flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology, which mainly includes cooling, regeneration, desorption, adsorption and other links. In practical applications, the process of zeolite adsorption flue gas desulfurization and dust removal is relatively simple, and there are no problems such as equipment scaling and wastewater sludge. According to the requirements of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology in thermal power plants, dry air is used to blow and wash the flue gas in a 320 degree Celsius environment, It can achieve the recycling and reuse of zeolite, not only achieving good desulfurization effect, but also lower production cost.
(2)喷雾干燥。热电厂烟气脱硫除尘利用喷雾干燥法，二氧化硫和石灰乳发生化学反应以后转换为亚硫酸钙，从而实现热电厂烟气脱硫，通过喷雾方式，使石灰乳和二氧化硫充分接触，从而*地发生化学反应，并且生产的亚硫酸钙经过干燥处理，还能够利用相关设备回收起来。喷雾干燥处理法在实际应用中，工艺流程简单，运行费用和应用成本较低，相关脱硫设备也不会发生结垢，并且具有较高的脱硫效率，但是在应用这种方法时，应做好后期的淤泥和废水处理。
(2) Spray drying. The spray drying method is used for flue gas desulfurization and dust removal in the thermal power plant. Sulfur dioxide and lime milk are converted into calcium sulfite after chemical reaction, so as to realize flue gas desulfurization in the thermal power plant. Through spray, lime milk and sulfur dioxide are fully contacted, so that chemical reaction can occur. The calcium sulfite produced can also be recycled by using relevant equipment after drying. In the practical application of spray drying treatment method, the process flow is simple, the operation cost and application cost are low, the relevant desulfurization equipment will not scale, and has a high desulfurization efficiency. However, when this method is applied, the sludge and wastewater treatment in the later period should be done well.
(3)活性焦吸附。活性焦是一种重要的吸附剂，其具有更加优越的吸附容量和性能，并且热稳定性较好，即使将这种活性焦吸附剂放在800摄氏度的高温环境中也可以保持没有损坏，所以其具有持续的吸附活力。通过在热电厂烟气脱硫除尘中应用活性焦吸附剂，可直接将吸附的二氧化硫加工制成硫酸，在实际应用中，这种活性焦不仅可作为吸附剂，还可作为催化剂，应用价值较高。
(3) Activated coke adsorption. Activated coke is an important adsorbent with superior adsorption capacity and performance, as well as good thermal stability. Even when placed in a high temperature environment of 800 degrees Celsius, this activated coke adsorbent can remain undamaged, resulting in sustained adsorption activity. By applying activated coke adsorbent in flue gas desulfurization and dust removal in thermal power plants, the adsorbed sulfur dioxide can be directly processed into sulfuric acid. In practical applications, this activated coke can not only serve as an adsorbent, but also as a catalyst, with high application value.
2.3 干湿结合脱硫除尘
2.3 Dry wet combined desulfurization and dust removal
干湿结合脱硫除尘技术在热电厂烟气脱硫除尘中的应用，其将湿法和干法有效结合起来，通过建立立式塔，这种干湿搭配进行烟气脱硫除尘的效果较高，非常适合中小型燃煤锅炉烟气处理，但是热电厂需要增加资金投入，加大对干湿结合脱硫除尘的分析和研究，推动其更加广泛的应用。
The application of wet dry combined desulfurization and dust removal technology in flue gas desulfurization and dust removal in thermal power plants effectively combines wet and dry methods. By establishing a vertical tower, this wet dry combination has a high effect on flue gas desulfurization and dust removal, which is very suitable for small and medium-sized coal-fired boiler flue gas treatment. However, thermal power plants need to increase capital investment, increase analysis and research on wet dry combined desulfurization and dust removal, and promote its wider application.
3 热电厂烟气脱硫除尘技术应用发展
Development of application of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology in 3 thermal power plants
3.1 加强技术管理
3.1 Strengthen technical management
当前，我国很多地区热电厂还在使用中小型燃煤锅炉，所以相关部门应加大对中小型燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫除尘技术的分析和研究，及时弥补烟气脱硫除尘的问题。相关工作人员应加强烟气脱硫除尘技术管理，积极发展和完善现有技术，并且进一步丰富脱硫除尘技术，仔细研究烟气脱硫除尘技术中存在的弊端，基于特电厂生产运营的具体情况，研发新型烟气脱硫除尘技术。
Currently, many thermal power plants in China are still using small and medium-sized coal-fired boilers. Therefore, relevant departments should increase their analysis and research on flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology for small and medium-sized coal-fired boilers, and timely make up for the problems of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal. Relevant personnel should strengthen the management of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology, actively develop and improve existing technologies, and further enrich desulfurization and dust removal technology. They should carefully study the drawbacks of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology and develop new flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technologies based on the specific production and operation of special power plants.
3.2 加大技术创新
3.2 Increase technological innovation
热电厂烟气脱硫除尘技术的应用和发展必须要解决设备防腐问题，因此相关企业应重点研究烟气脱硫除尘设备防腐性能，为了进一步提高烟气脱硫除尘设备的防腐性能，应仔细研究设备应用材料防腐性，全面考虑不同应用材料的实际防腐性能，选择耐腐蚀的材料设备，延长烟气脱硫除尘设备的使用寿命，还可结合烟气脱硫除尘设备的运行性能，采取合理、有效的配套措施，例如将有机涂层设置在设备材料表面，使用玻璃钢材料，这种方法可有效防止烟气脱硫除尘设备发生锈蚀，而且也不会产生设备结垢问题。
The application and development of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology in thermal power plants must solve the problem of equipment anti-corrosion. Therefore, relevant enterprises should focus on researching the anti-corrosion performance of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal equipment. In order to further improve the anti-corrosion performance of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal equipment, the anti-corrosion properties of equipment application materials should be carefully studied, and the actual anti-corrosion performance of different application materials should be comprehensively considered. corrosion-resistant materials and equipment should be selected to extend the service life of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal equipment, Reasonable and effective supporting measures can also be taken based on the operational performance of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal equipment, such as placing organic coatings on the surface of equipment materials and using fiberglass materials. This method can effectively prevent corrosion of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal equipment and will not cause equipment scaling problems.
3.3 加大资金投入
3.3 Increase capital investment
为了进一步推动热电厂烟气脱硫除尘技术的应用和推广，应加大这方面的资金投入，强化热电厂的责任意识，高度重视烟气脱硫除尘问题，根据热电厂生产运营的实际情况，配备的烟气脱硫除尘设备，引进专业技术人员和研发人员，积极调整热电厂的烟气脱硫除尘方案，设立专门的烟气脱硫除尘技术研发资金，完善相关配套设施，不断提高烟气脱硫除尘技术水平。
In order to further promote the application and promotion of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology in thermal power plants, it is necessary to increase investment in this area, strengthen the sense of responsibility of thermal power plants, attach great importance to flue gas desulfurization and dust removal issues, equip * flue gas desulfurization and dust removal equipment according to the actual production and operation of thermal power plants, introduce professional technical personnel and R&D personnel, and actively adjust the flue gas desulfurization and dust removal plan of thermal power plants, Establish dedicated research and development funds for flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology, improve relevant supporting facilities, and continuously improve the level of flue gas desulfurization and dust removal technology.
企业二维码
2023-12-18
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