当我们确定了总的装机规模，接下来就需要确认单机功率。比如面对一个总容量3MW的项目时，该用1台3MW，还是2台1.5MW，还是3台1MW，或者6台0.5MW？
When we have determined the total installed scale, we need to confirm the single-machine power. For example, when facing a project with a total capacity of 3MW, should we use one 3MW, two 1.5MW, three 1MW, or six 0.5MW?
这个问题实际上答案并不是的，作为用户，需要考虑的是投资成本和收益，作为供货商，需要考虑的是如何把自己的产品推出去，两者有时并不统一，而且用户有时也需要考虑一些技术和经济以外的因素。这里老刘撇开其他不相干的，只讨论技术问题。
In fact, the answer is not the only one. As a user, we need to consider the cost and benefit of investment. As a supplier, we need to consider how to launch our products. Sometimes the two are not uniform, and users sometimes need to consider factors other than technology and economy. Lao Liu here leaves aside other irrelevant issues and only discusses technical issues.
发电机组的单机功率越小、台数越多，运行起来越灵活，应对特殊情况的能力越强。但相应的，运维工作越复杂，造价也可能会上升。
The smaller the power of a single generator and the larger the number of units, the more flexible the operation and the stronger the ability to deal with special situations. But correspondingly, the more complex the operation and maintenance work is, the higher the cost may be.
机组选型时需要考虑的意外情况有两种：一是当沼气产量不足（厌氧发酵系统刚启动、原料不足、工艺出现问题等），发电机不能满发，二是有发电机出现故障（或保养）需要停机，沼气面临浪费。
There are two kinds of unexpected situations to be considered in unit selection: first, when the methane production is insufficient (the anaerobic fermentation system has just started, the raw material is insufficient, the process is problematic, etc.), the generator can not be full-blown; second, when the generator fails (or maintains), the generator needs to be shut down, and the methane is facing waste.
应对沼气产量不足方案是采用多台装机，当气量不足时，可以停掉部分机组，提高运行效率，减少运维成本，有的项目甚从一开始就可以考虑分批上的方案。
The plan to deal with the shortage of biogas production is to install multiple units. When the gas quantity is insufficient, some units can be shut down, the operation efficiency can be improved, and the operation and maintenance cost can be reduced. Some projects can even consider the plan in batches from the beginning.
应对发电机故障的方案是合理配置储气罐和发电机组单机容量。沼气发电规范中对于储气罐的规定是“沼气发电机组连续运行时，储气装置容量应按照运行机组总额定功率大于2h的用气量设计”。
The scheme to deal with generator faults is to rationally allocate the capacity of gas storage tank and generator unit. The regulation of gas storage tank in the code of biogas power generation is that "the capacity of gas storage device should be designed according to the consumption of gas whose total rated power is greater than 2 hours when the biogas generating unit is running continuously".
较大的沼气发电项目常见规模为2-4MW左右，储气罐多见2000-5000m3左右，储罐越大，应对波动能力越强。在稳定运行时，气量一般保持在50%-60%上下。计算下来，3000m3的储罐，可以接受1MW机组3-5小时的停机时间，一般的小故障够处理掉了。
The larger the biogas power generation project, the larger the storage tank, the stronger the ability to deal with fluctuations. In stable operation, the gas volume is generally maintained at about 50%0%. Calculated, 3000 m3 storage tank, can accept the -W unit 3-5 hours of downtime, general small fault enough to deal with.
前面的公式里还提到一个装机余量k，一般取值为1.08~1.20。这个装机余量的目的之一就是略微加大装机容量，增加运行的灵活性，即使某台发电机组出现较严重的故障，一时无法运行，也可以有后备容量顶上，不会造成太大的浪费。同时，日常运行时让机组有余量，稍微降载运行，故障率也会降低。
The previous formula also mentions an installed margin k, which is generally 1.08-1.20. One of the purposes of this installed margin is to slightly increase the installed capacity and increase the flexibility of operation. Even if a generator unit has a serious fault and can not run for a while, it can also have a backup capacity on top, which will not cause too much waste. At the same time, the daily operation allows the unit to have margin, slightly reduced load operation, the failure rate will also be reduced.
根据经验，沼气发电项目的装机数量一般控制在2-4台左右。以总装机3MW为例，2台1.5MW，3台1MW都是合理地方案，如果成本允许，3台1.2MW，甚4台0.8MW都是可以接受的，终的选择要综合项目其他因素，如造价、发电效率、老板的意见来确定。
According to experience, the installed number of biogas power generation projects is generally controlled at about 2-4 units. Taking 3MW as an example, 2 1.5MW, 3 1MW are reasonable schemes. If cost permits, 3 1.2MW, or even 4 0.8MW are acceptable. The final choice should be determined by combining other factors of the project, such as cost, power generation efficiency and the views of the owner.
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2019-05-08
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