沼气脱硫/潜水泵在日常运行中难免会出现各种问题，为了延长其使用寿命，保证潜水泵及关联系统的正常运行，每年至少要对潜水泵及其控制系统进行一次全面维护保养。今天我们来了解下影响潜水泵运行的一些主要因素、潜水泵日常维护保养要点以及常见故障和排除方法。
Biogas desulfurization / submersible pump will inevitably encounter various problems in daily operation. In order to prolong its service life and ensure the normal operation of submersible pump and related systems, the submersible pump and its control system shall be fully maintained at least once a year. Today, let's learn about some main factors affecting the operation of submersible pump, the key points of daily maintenance of submersible pump, as well as common faults and troubleshooting methods.
1、影响潜水泵运行的主要因素
1. Main factors affecting the operation of submersible pump
一般情况下，影响潜水泵正常运行的主要因素有以下几点：
In general, the main factors affecting the normal operation of submersible pumps are as follows:
1. 漏电问题。潜水泵，顾名思义，是机泵一体没入水中工作的，所以漏电问题是影响潜水泵正常运行的重要因素之一。
1. Leakage. Submersible pump, as the name suggests, is a machine pump integrated into the water, so the leakage problem is one of the important factors affecting the normal operation of submersible pump.
2. 堵转。潜水泵堵转时，定子绕组上将产生 5～7 倍于正常满载电流的堵转电流，若无相应保护措施，潜水泵很快会烧毁。造成潜水泵堵转的原因很多，如叶轮卡住、机械密封碎片卡轴、污物缠绕等。
2. Locked rotor. When the submersible pump is locked up, the stator winding will produce a locked up current of 5 ~ 7 times the normal full load current. If there are no corresponding protective measures, the submersible pump will soon burn down. There are many reasons for the locked rotor of submersible pump, such as impeller jamming, mechanical seal debris jamming shaft, dirt winding and so on.
3. 电源电压过低或频率太低。
3. The power supply voltage is too low or the frequency is too low.
4. 磨损和锈蚀。磨损将大大降低电泵性能，流量、扬程及效率均随之降低，叶轮与泵盖锈住了还将引起堵转。潜水泵零件的锈蚀不仅会影响水泵的性能，而且会缩短使用寿命。
4. Wear and corrosion. Wear will greatly reduce the performance of the electric pump, reduce the flow, head and efficiency, and cause locked rotor if the impeller and pump cover are rusted. The corrosion of submersible pump parts will not only affect the performance of the pump, but also shorten the service life.
5. 电缆线破裂、折断。电缆线破裂、折断不仅容易造成触电事故，而且水泵运行时极有可能处于两相工作的状态，既不出水又易损坏电动机。
5. The cable is broken or broken. The breaking and breaking of the cable is not only easy to cause electric shock accidents, but also the water pump is likely to be in the state of two-phase operation when it is running, which will not produce water and is easy to damage the motor.
2、潜水泵使用前准备工作
2. Preparation of submersible pump before use
1. 检查电缆线有无破裂、折断现象。使用前既要观察电缆线的外观，又要用万用表或兆欧表检查电缆线是否通路。电缆出线处不得有漏油现象。
1. Check whether the cable is broken or broken. Before use, not only observe the appearance of the cable, but also check whether the cable is connected with a multimeter or megger. There shall be no oil leakage at the cable outlet.
2. 新泵使用前或长期放置的备用泵启动之前，应用兆欧表测量定子对外壳的绝缘不低于1兆欧姆，否则应对电机绕组进行烘干处理提高绝缘等级。
2. Before the new pump is used or the standby pump placed for a long time is started, the insulation between the stator and the shell shall be measured with a megohmmeter, which shall not be less than 1 megohm. Otherwise, the motor winding shall be dried to improve the insulation grade.
3. 检查潜水电泵是否漏油。潜水电泵的可能漏油途径有电缆接线处、密封室加油螺钉处的密封及密封处O形封环。检查时要确定是否真漏油。造成加油螺钉处漏油的原因是螺钉没旋紧，或是螺钉下面的耐油橡胶衬垫损坏。如果确定O形封环密封处漏油，则多是因为O形封环密封失效，此时需拆开电泵换掉密封环。
3. Check whether the submersible pump leaks oil. The possible oil leakage ways of submersible pump include cable wiring, sealing at the oil filling screw of the sealing chamber and O-ring at the sealing place. Check whether there is oil leakage. The reason for oil leakage at the refueling screw is that the screw is not tightened or the oil resistant rubber gasket under the screw is damaged. If it is determined that there is oil leakage at the O-ring seal, it is mostly because the O-ring seal fails. At this time, it is necessary to disassemble the electric pump and replace the seal ring.
4. 长期停用的潜水电泵再次使用前，应盘动叶轮后再行启动，防止部件锈死启动不出水而烧坏电动机绕组。
4. Before the submersible pump that has been out of service for a long time is used again, the impeller shall be turned before starting to prevent the parts from rusting and the motor winding from being burnt out due to no water.
3、潜水泵运行中的注意事项
3. Precautions during operation of submersible pump
1. 潜污泵在无水的情况下试运转时，运转时间严禁超过额定时间。吸水池的容积能保证潜污泵开启时和运行中水位较高，以确保电机的冷却效果和避免因水位波动太大造成的频繁启动和停机，大中型潜污泵的频繁启动对泵的性能影响很大。
1. When the submersible sewage pump is tested without water, the operation time shall not exceed the rated time. The volume of the suction tank can ensure that the water level is high when the submersible sewage pump is started and in operation, so as to ensure the cooling effect of the motor and avoid frequent startup and shutdown caused by too large water level fluctuation. The frequent startup of large and medium-sized submersible sewage pumps has a great impact on the performance of the pump.
2. 当湿度传感器或温度传感器发出报警时，或泵体运转时振动、噪声出现异常时；或输出水量水压下降、电能消耗显著上升时，应当立即对潜污泵停机进行检修。
2. When the humidity sensor or temperature sensor gives an alarm, or when the vibration and noise of the pump body are abnormal during operation; When the water pressure of the pump increases or decreases significantly, the sewage output should be stopped immediately.
3. 有些密封不好的潜水泵长期浸泡在水中时，即使不使用，绝缘值也会逐渐下降，终无法投用，甚至在比连续运转的潜污泵在水中的工作时间还短的时间内发生绝缘消失现象。因此潜水泵在吸水池内备用有时起不到备用的作用，如果条件许可，可以在池外干式备用，等运行中的某台潜水泵出现故障时，立即停机提升上来后，将备用泵再放下去。
3. When some submersible pumps with poor sealing are immersed in water for a long time, even if they are not used, the insulation value will gradually decline, and finally they can not be put into use, and even the insulation disappears in a shorter time than the working time of continuous running submersible sewage pump in water. Therefore, the submersible pump can not be used for standby in the suction pool sometimes. If conditions permit, it can be used for dry standby outside the pool. When a submersible pump in operation fails, it shall be shut down immediately, lifted up, and then put down the standby pump.
4. 潜水泵不能过于频繁开、停，否则将影响潜水泵的使用寿命。潜水泵停止时，管路内的水产生回流，此时立即再启动则引起电泵启动时的负载过重，并承受不必要的冲击载荷；另外，潜水泵过于频繁开、停将损坏承受冲击能力较差的零部件，并带来整个电泵的损坏。
4. The submersible pump cannot be started and stopped too frequently, otherwise the service life of the submersible pump will be affected. When the submersible pump stops, the water in the pipeline will return. If it is restarted immediately, the load of the electric pump will be too heavy and bear unnecessary impact load; In addition, too frequent start and stop of submersible pump will damage the parts with poor impact resistance and damage the whole electric pump.
5. 停机后，在电机完全停止运转前，不能重新启动。
5. After shutdown, the motor cannot be restarted before it completely stops running.
6. 检查电泵时必须切断电源。
6. Cut off the power supply when checking the electric pump.
7. 潜水泵工作时，不要在附近洗涤物品、游泳或放牲畜下水，以免电泵漏电时发生触电事故。
7. When the submersible pump is working, do not wash articles, swim or put livestock into the water nearby, so as to avoid electric shock accident in case of electric leakage of the electric pump.
4、潜水泵的维护和保养
4. Maintenance of submersible pump
1. 经常加油，定期换油。潜水电泵每工作1000小时，必须调换一次密封的油，每年调换一次电机内部的油液。对充水式潜水泵还需定期更换上下端盖、轴承室内的骨架油封和锂基润滑油，确保良好的润滑状态。对带有机械密封的小型潜水电泵，必须经常打开密封室加油螺孔加满润滑油，使机械密封处于良好的润滑状态，使其工作寿命得到充分保证。
1. Refuel regularly and change the oil regularly. The sealing oil of submersible electric pump must be changed every 1000 hours, and the oil inside the motor must be changed once a year. For the water filled submersible pump, it is also necessary to regularly replace the upper and lower covers, the framework oil seal and lithium base lubricating oil in the bearing chamber to ensure good lubrication. For the small submersible pump with mechanical seal, the oil filling screw hole in the sealing chamber must be often opened and filled with lubricating oil, so that the mechanical seal is in a good lubricating state and its working life can be fully guaranteed.
2. 及时更换密封盒。如果发现漏入电泵内部的水较多时(正常泄漏量为0.1mL/h)，应及时更换密封盒，同时测量电机绕组的绝缘电阻值。若绝缘电阻值低于0.5兆欧时，需进行干燥处理，方法与一般电动机的绕组干燥处理相同。更换密封盒时应注意外径及轴孔中O形封环的完整性，否则水会大量漏人潜水泵的内部而损坏电机绕组。
2. Replace the sealing box in time. If more water is found leaking into the electric pump (the normal leakage is 0.1ml/h), replace the sealing box in time and measure the insulation resistance of the motor winding at the same time. If the insulation resistance value is lower than 0.5 megohm, it needs to be dried in the same way as the winding drying of general motors. When replacing the sealing box, pay attention to the outer diameter and the integrity of the O-ring in the shaft hole, otherwise a large amount of water will leak into the interior of the submersible pump and damage the motor winding.
3. 经常测量绝缘电阻值。用 500V 或 1000V 的兆欧表测量电泵定子绕组对机壳的绝缘电阻数值，在1兆欧以上者(低不得小于0.5兆欧)方可使用，否则应进行绕组维修或干燥处理，以确保使用安全性。
3. Measure the insulation resistance frequently. Use a 500V or 1000V megohmmeter to measure the insulation resistance of the stator winding of the electric pump to the casing. Only those above 1 megohm (at least not less than 0.5 megohm) can be used. Otherwise, the winding shall be repaired or dried to ensure the safety of use.
4. 合理保管。长期不用时，潜水排污泵不宜长期浸泡在水中，应在于燥通风的室内保管。潜水泵的橡胶电缆保管时要避免太阳光的照射，否则容易老化，表面将产生裂纹，严重时将引起绝缘电阻的降低或使水通过电缆护套进入潜水泵的出线盒，造成电源线的相间短路或绕组对地绝缘电阻为零等严重后果。
4. Reasonable storage. When not in use for a long time, the submersible sewage pump should not be immersed in water for a long time, but should be kept in a dry and ventilated room. The rubber cable of the submersible pump shall be kept away from sunlight, otherwise it is easy to age and cracks will appear on the surface. In serious cases, it will reduce the insulation resistance or make water enter the outlet box of the submersible pump through the cable sheath, resulting in serious consequences such as phase-to-phase short circuit of the power line or zero insulation resistance of the winding to the ground.
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2022-03-04
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