沼气净化的主要目的是去除二氧化碳，得到高纯度的甲烷。沼气净化技术主要来源于天然气、合成氨转化气脱碳技术。由于沼气的用量远远小于天然气或合成氨转化气，因此在选择脱碳技术时应注重小型化和节能。目前，沼气净化技术大致可分为:吸附、吸附、膜分离、低温净化。
The main purpose of biogas purification is to remove carbon dioxide and get high purity methane. Biogas purification technology mainly comes from decarbonization technology of natural gas and synthetic ammonia conversion gas. Since the consumption of biogas is far less than that of natural gas or ammonia conversion gas, we should pay attention to miniaturization and energy saving when choosing decarbonization technology. At present, biogas purification technology can be roughly divided into adsorption, adsorption, membrane separation and low-temperature purification.
广泛应用的沼气净化技术主要有:变压吸附、水洗、有机溶剂物理吸附、有机溶剂化学吸附、高压膜分离、低温净化等。下表为六种沼气净化技术的关键参数。
The widely used biogas purification technologies include pressure swing adsorption, water washing, organic solvent physical adsorption, organic solvent chemical adsorption, high-pressure membrane separation, low-temperature purification, etc. The following table shows the key parameters of six biogas purification technologies.
在瑞典，压力清洗是常用的;在德国，psa更为普遍。在荷兰，压力清洗、变压吸附和膜分离都得到了广泛的应用。下表是五种沼气净化技术的经济比较。
In Sweden, pressure cleaning is the most common; in Germany, PSA is more common. In the Netherlands, pressure cleaning, PSA and membrane separation have been widely used. The following table shows the economic comparison of five biogas purification technologies.
注:电力消耗成本(12 ~ 18欧元美分/千瓦时),热耗成本(3 ~ 5欧分/千瓦时),水的成本是5欧元/ m?(包括污水处理费用)。没有考虑进一步的处理费用(如分离硅氧烷或氨)。所有值都基于满负荷运行。
Note: the cost of electricity consumption (12-18 euro cents / kWh), heat consumption (3-5 euro cents / kWh), and water is 5 euro / M 3 (including the cost of sewage treatment). No further treatment costs (such as separation of siloxane or ammonia) were considered. All values are based on full load operation.
沼气净化成本与原料气甲烷含量和成品甲烷含量有关。未经处理的沼气，甲烷含量高，净化成本低。这主要是由于能源产量的增加，总成本与更高的能源水平相关。可以通过提高效率(降低单位产出的能耗)和使用高热值的原沼气来降低实际能耗来降低成本。
The cost of biogas purification is related to the methane content of feed gas and finished product. Untreated biogas has high methane content and low purification cost. This is mainly due to the increase in energy production, with total costs associated with higher energy levels. The cost can be reduced by improving efficiency (reducing energy consumption per unit output) and using high calorific value biogas to reduce the actual energy consumption.
沼气净化站的经济性还与其他因素有关，如可操作性和额定负荷。沼气净化站的额定运行负荷不仅取决于净化站本身的高稳定性，还取决于原沼气流及后续装置(如充电站、加气站)的可靠性。
The economy of biogas purification station is also related to other factors, such as operability and rated load. The rated operation load of the biogas purification station not only depends on the high stability of the purification station itself, but also depends on the reliability of the original biogas flow and subsequent devices (such as charging station and gas filling station).
短停机时间，设备运行良好，在额定负载和充足的原料气条件下设备能正常连续运行，是沼气净化站高效可用的标准。快速响应时间至关重要，因此技术供应商提供良好的网络服务至关重要。此外,还可以使用远程监控,操作被中断时,技术人员可以直接找到故障,根据故障类型立即采取必要的补救措施,避免时间延迟,不需要长途旅行的服务技术人员到现场解决问题。
Short shutdown time, good operation of the equipment, normal and continuous operation of the equipment under rated load and sufficient feed gas conditions, is the standard of high efficiency and availability of biogas purification station. Fast response time is very important, so it is very important for technology providers to provide good network services. In addition, remote monitoring can also be used. When the operation is interrupted, the technical personnel can find the fault directly. According to the fault type, necessary remedial measures can be taken immediately to avoid time delay. The service technical personnel who do not need long-distance travel can go to the site to solve the problem.
这些co2 /甲烷分离方法已经在其他行业使用了几十年，是的沼气净化方法。近年来发展趋势是减少能源消耗,提高回收率,降低甲烷的排放,主要有以下措施:减少成品气体压力降低功耗,降低解吸过程的温度水平(胺),二氧化碳/甲烷发展高选择性,促进生物甲烷液化技术和综合处理技术(如膜和低温分离)。
These CO2 / methane separation methods have been used in other industries for decades and are the most advanced methane purification methods. In recent years, the development trend is to reduce the energy consumption, improve the recovery rate and reduce the emission of methane, mainly including the following measures: reduce the pressure of finished gas, reduce the power consumption, reduce the temperature level (amine) of desorption process, develop high selectivity of carbon dioxide / methane, and promote the liquefaction technology and comprehensive treatment technology of biomethane (such as membrane and low-temperature separation).
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2020-04-09
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