多年来，得益于中央投资的带动，沼气事业得到了快速发展。截至目前，我国沼气总产量为158亿立方米，这意味着未来5年内，沼气总产量将再增31.1%。总体来说，沼气正在逐步由过去的以户用沼气为主向多元化发展新格局转变。在这里沼气生物脱硫设备厂家也提示大家，生物天然气工程是一个更为复杂的系统，从原料收集到生产过程再到副产品的利用消纳都必须保证中间环节的通畅，其整个过程就必须要集中的监测技术作为支撑，才能实现高效运行，进而显着提高经济效益。
Over the years, China's biogas industry has developed rapidly, driven by central investment. Up to now, China's total biogas production is 15.8 billion cubic meters, which means that in the next five years, the total biogas production will increase by 31.1%. Generally speaking, biogas in China is gradually changing from household biogas to a new pattern of diversified development. Here biogas bio-desulfurization equipment manufacturers also remind you that biogas engineering is a more complex system, from raw material collection to production process to by-product utilization and absorption must ensure the smooth middle link, the whole process must be centralized monitoring technology as support, in order to achieve efficient operation, and thus significantly improve economic efficiency.
一、优化监测与厌氧发酵
I. Optimizing Monitoring and Anaerobic Fermentation
厌氧消化器是大中型沼气工程的核心设备，微生物的繁殖、有机物的分解转化、沼气的生成都是在消化器里进行的。厌氧发酵是一个复杂的过程,预处理、接种比例、总固体浓度、原料、温度和外源添加物等因素都对厌氧发酵有显着影响。因此，除了要根据发酵原料选择适宜的工艺类型和消化器结构，通过监测系统掌握厌氧消化器的运行情况也是保障沼气工程高效运行的重点。通过监测数据对厌氧发酵工艺进行深入研究，探索改良性能的潜在可能，对发酵条件进行及时调整及优化，对提升产气效率和提高甲烷含量具有重要意义。
Anaerobic digester is the core equipment of large and medium-sized biogas engineering. Microbial reproduction, decomposition and transformation of organic matter and biogas production are carried out in digester. Anaerobic fermentation is a complex process. Pretreatment, inoculation ratio, total solid concentration, raw materials, temperature and Exogenous Additives all have significant effects on anaerobic fermentation. Therefore, besides choosing suitable process type and digester structure according to fermentation raw materials, it is also the key point to ensure the efficient operation of biogas project to master the operation of anaerobic digester through monitoring system. Through the monitoring data, the anaerobic fermentation process is deeply studied, the potential of improving performance is explored, and the fermentation conditions are adjusted and optimized in time. It is of great significance to improve gas production efficiency and methane content.
二、优化监测与沼气提纯
2. Optimizing Monitoring and Biogas Purification
沼气的主要成分是CH4和CO2，此外，还含有一些其他微量成分，如H2、H2S等。沼气并入天然气网，或用于车用燃料、发电、燃料电池等，一般都对其各组分有严格的要求。例如，沼气中通常含有60%以上的甲烷，而汽车天然气甲烷含量在90%以上。因此，需要通过采用变压吸附(PSA)、水洗、碳酸丙烯酯和碱溶液吸收等物理和化学方法，对沼气去杂纯化，使之成为CH4含量高、热值和杂质气体组分品质符合天然气标准要求的高品质生物天然气。
The main components of biogas are CH4 and CO2. In addition, it contains some other trace components, such as H2, H2S and so on. The incorporation of biogas into natural gas networks, or for automotive fuels, power generation, fuel cells and so on, generally has strict requirements on its components. For example, biogas usually contains more than 60% methane, while automobile natural gas contains more than 90% methane. Therefore, it is necessary to purify biogas by pressure swing adsorption (PSA), water washing, propylene carbonate and alkali solution absorption and other physical and chemical methods to make it a high quality biogas with high CH4 content, high calorific value and quality of impurity gas components in line with the requirements of natural gas standards.
沼气经提纯成为生物天然气，既可替代汽油，也可替代现有的CNG作为车用燃料。与天然气相比，它具有可利用废弃物生产、不受气源和地域限制、可再生等特点。日产沼气3至4万立方米的沼气工程，提纯后可产2万立方米以上天然气，效益十分可观。使用沼气分析仪监测甲烷含量，掌握甲烷回收率、脱硫效率等关键数据，并据此进行厌氧发酵、提纯过程的工艺优化，可以显着提高沼气和生物天然气工程的经济效益。相应的，对沼气工程各个环节疏于管理，则会直接造成利润下滑，这也是为什么我国中小型沼气工程多数亏损的重要原因之一。
Biogas is purified into biogas, which can replace gasoline and CNG as vehicle fuel. Compared with natural gas, it has the characteristics of reusable waste production, free from gas sources and geographical restrictions, and renewable. The biogas project which produces 30,000 to 40,000 cubic meters of biogas per day can produce more than 20,000 cubic meters of natural gas after purification, with considerable benefits. Using biogas analyzer to monitor methane content, grasp key data such as methane recovery rate and desulfurization efficiency, and optimize the process of anaerobic fermentation and purification accordingly, can significantly improve the economic benefits of biogas and biogas engineering. Correspondingly, the neglect of management of each link of biogas project will directly lead to a decline in profits, which is one of the important reasons why most of the small and medium-sized biogas projects in China are losing money.
三、优化监测与热电联产
3. Optimizing Monitoring and Cogeneration
在热电联产项目中，燃气轮机和热交换器被用来加热厌氧消化池和发电。沼气驱动的燃气发动机，通常要求沼气预处理系统的硫化氢（H2S）去除能力达到99.9%，因此需要进行沼气质量检验。持续的沼气监测使得燃料条件达到要求，从而保护发电机不会因为出现损坏和非计划停用而造成收益损失，并且能够帮助工作人员对内部再循环率和预处理水平进行调整，起到优化燃烧的作用。可以进一步说，提高燃烧效率和设备利用时间就是提高生物天然气工程的利润空间。
In cogeneration projects, gas turbines and heat exchangers are used to heat anaerobic digestion cells and generate electricity. Gas engine driven by biogas usually requires hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal capacity of biogas pretreatment system to reach 99.9%. Therefore, biogas quality inspection is needed. Continuous biogas monitoring enables fuel conditions to meet requirements, thus protecting generators from loss of profits due to damage and unplanned outage, and helping staff adjust internal recycling rate and pretreatment level to optimize combustion. It can be further said that improving combustion efficiency and equipment utilization time is to improve the profit margin of biogas engineering.
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2019-06-14
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