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生物脱硫工艺流程主要涉及到利用微生物的代谢活动来去除气体或液体中的硫化物,具体工艺流程因应用场景(如沼气脱硫、天然气脱硫、烟气脱硫等)的不同而有所差异。以下是对几种典型生物脱硫工艺流程的概述:
The biological desulfurization process mainly involves using the metabolic activity of microorganisms to remove sulfides from gases or liquids. The specific process varies depending on the application scenarios (such as biogas desulfurization, natural gas desulfurization, flue gas desulfurization, etc.). The following is an overview of several typical biological desulfurization process flows:
一、沼气生物脱硫工艺流程
1、 Biogas biological desulfurization process flow
沼气生物脱硫,又称沼气生物催化脱硫,是一种利用脱硫微生物催化沼气中的硫化氢(H2S),通过控制氧气的浓度(氧化还原电位),将硫化氢选择性转化成硫酸或单质硫的生物代谢过程。沼气生物脱硫工艺主要分为一体式生物脱硫和分离式生物脱硫两种。
Biogas biological desulfurization, also known as biogas biocatalytic desulfurization, is a biological metabolic process that utilizes desulfurization microorganisms to catalyze hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biogas. By controlling the concentration of oxygen (redox potential), H2S is selectively converted into sulfuric acid or elemental sulfur. The biogas biological desulfurization process is mainly divided into two types: integrated biological desulfurization and separated biological desulfurization.
一体式生物脱硫:
Integrated biological desulfurization:
将一定量的空气导入含有硫化氢的沼气中,混合气体通过生物滤池或生物滴滤池以去除硫化氢。
Introduce a certain amount of air into biogas containing hydrogen sulfide, and pass the mixed gas through a biofilter or biofilter to remove hydrogen sulfide.
该方式在反应器内部安装塑料填料,营养液循环使填料保持潮湿状态,并补充脱硫细菌生长所需的营养。
This method installs plastic packing inside the reactor, circulates nutrient solution to keep the packing moist, and supplements the nutrients required for the growth of desulfurization bacteria.
一体式脱硫效率高,可达95%~99%,运行成本低,自动化程度高,操作简便,造价较低。但填料易堵,影响处理效果,增加劳动强度,且存在安全风险。
The integrated desulfurization efficiency is high, reaching 95%~99%, with low operating costs, high degree of automation, easy operation, and low cost. However, the filling material is prone to clogging, which affects the treatment effect, increases labor intensity, and poses safety risks.
分离式生物脱硫:
Separated biological desulfurization:
含硫化氢的沼气气体首先进入生物洗涤塔,在塔内与混合液中碱反应从沼气中脱除硫化氢。
The biogas gas containing hydrogen sulfide first enters the biological scrubbing tower, where it reacts with alkali in the mixed solution to remove hydrogen sulfide from the biogas.
生物洗涤液进入生物反应器,反应器中的硫化物在微生物作用下转化为单质硫,同时碱液得到再生,重复使用。
The biological washing solution enters the bioreactor, and the sulfides in the reactor are converted into elemental sulfur under the action of microorganisms. At the same time, the alkaline solution is regenerated and reused.
分离式生物脱硫方案的脱硫效率高(可达99%以上),年运行成本低,自动化程度高,操作简便,沼气不与空气直接混合,运行安全,能处理高浓度的硫化氢的沼气。但运行成本略高于一体式生物脱硫。
The separated biological desulfurization scheme has high desulfurization efficiency (up to 99% or more), low annual operating cost, high degree of automation, easy operation, biogas does not mix directly with air, safe operation, and can treat high concentration hydrogen sulfide biogas. But the operating cost is slightly higher than that of integrated biological desulfurization.
二、天然气生物脱硫工艺流程
2、 Natural gas biological desulfurization process flow
天然气生物脱硫工艺利用特定的微生物(如T.F菌)在适宜条件下(如常压、温度约为30℃、pH值为2.0~2.5的较强酸性条件)将H2S氧化为元素硫。
The natural gas biological desulfurization process utilizes specific microorganisms (such as T.F bacteria) to oxidize H2S to elemental sulfur under suitable conditions (such as atmospheric pressure, temperature of about 30 ℃, and strong acidic conditions with pH value of 2.0-2.5).
吸收塔:
Absorption tower:
含H2S原料气在压力下于碱性溶液中被吸收。
The H2S containing feed gas is absorbed in an alkaline solution under pressure.
脱硫溶液进入生物反应器再生,并将Fe2+氧化为Fe3+。
The desulfurization solution enters the bioreactor for regeneration and oxidizes Fe2+to Fe3+.
生物反应器:
Bioreactor:
脱硫溶液在生物反应器中再生,同时T.F菌将H2S氧化为元素硫。
The desulfurization solution is regenerated in the bioreactor, while T F bacteria oxidize H2S to elemental sulfur.
再生好的溶液进入缓冲罐停留一定时间后,送回脱硫吸收塔顶部循环使用。
After the regenerated solution enters the buffer tank and stays for a certain period of time, it is sent back to the top of the desulfurization absorption tower for recycling.
硫黄及工艺废水处理:
Sulfur and process wastewater treatment:
从生物反应器中分离出的硫浆经脱水处理后得到硫黄。
The sulfur slurry separated from the bioreactor is dehydrated to obtain sulfur.
工艺废水需经过适当处理以满足环保要求。
Process wastewater needs to be treated appropriately to meet environmental protection requirements.
三、烟气生物脱硫工艺流程
3、 Process flow of flue gas biological desulfurization
烟气生物脱硫工艺主要应用于燃煤电厂等工业烟气的脱硫处理。
The flue gas biological desulfurization process is mainly applied to the desulfurization treatment of industrial flue gas such as coal-fired power plants.
烟气系统:
Smoke system:
锅炉引风机排出的原烟气经增压风机引入脱硫系统。
The raw flue gas discharged from the boiler induced draft fan is introduced into the desulfurization system through a booster fan.
吸收氧化系统:
Absorption oxidation system:
原烟气进入吸收塔,自下而上通过塔体,与喷雾系统喷出的雾状脱硫剂(如石灰石浆液)逆流混合,进行脱硫反应。
The original flue gas enters the absorption tower, passes through the tower body from bottom to top, and is counter current mixed with the atomized desulfurizer (such as limestone slurry) sprayed by the spray system for desulfurization reaction.
脱硫后的净烟气由除雾器从吸收塔除去,进入后续处理系统。
The purified flue gas after desulfurization is removed from the absorption tower by a demister and enters the subsequent treatment system.
脱硫剂制备系统:
Preparation system of desulfurizer:
制备石灰石/石灰浆液作为脱硫剂。
Prepare limestone/lime slurry as desulfurizer.
副产品处理系统:
By product processing system:
处理脱硫过程中产生的副产品(如石膏)。
Dealing with by-products generated during the desulfurization process (such as gypsum).
废水处理系统:
Wastewater treatment system:
处理脱硫过程中产生的废水,确保达标排放。
Treat the wastewater generated during the desulfurization process to ensure compliance with discharge standards.
公用工程系统和电气控制系统:
Public utility system and electrical control system:
提供工艺水、压缩空气等公用工程支持。
Provide utility support such as process water and compressed air.
电气控制系统负责监测和控制整个脱硫系统的运行。
The electrical control system is responsible for monitoring and controlling the operation of the entire desulfurization system.
需要注意的是,不同生物脱硫工艺流程的具体步骤和参数可能因实际应用场景的不同而有所调整。在实际应用中,需要根据具体需求和条件选择合适的生物脱硫工艺流程,并进行相应的优化和调整。
It should be noted that the specific steps and parameters of different biological desulfurization processes may be adjusted due to different practical application scenarios. In practical applications, it is necessary to select the appropriate biological desulfurization process according to specific needs and conditions, and carry out corresponding optimization and adjustment.
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