我国各地养猪场的饲养规模、生产状况、管理模式、经济条件千差万别，地理位置和环境容量差别很大，废水或固体粪便的处置与排放方式也不尽相同，因此处理技术和模式多样。规模养猪场沼气工程建设，应根据厌氧处理工艺的特点以及对厌氧残留物处理利用方式和要求的不同，在实际工程设计中，根据现场条件、沼气利用和排放等方面的要求，选择不同的模式。

The scale, production status, management mode, and economic conditions of pig farms vary greatly in different regions of China, with significant differences in geographical location and environmental capacity. The disposal and discharge methods of wastewater or solid manure also differ, resulting in diverse treatment technologies and modes. The construction of biogas projects in large-scale pig farms should be based on the characteristics of anaerobic treatment processes and different requirements for the treatment and utilization of anaerobic residues. In actual engineering design, different modes should be selected according to the requirements of site conditions, biogas utilization, and emissions.

目前，规模化猪场沼气工程处理模式划分为能源生态型和能源环保型两种。

At present, the treatment modes of large-scale pig farm biogas projects are divided into two types: energy ecological and energy environmentally friendly.

2.1 能源生态模式

2.1 Energy Ecological Model

该模式以厌氧消化为主体工艺，是资源综合利用模式，主要是指畜禽粪便经沼气池发酵后，所产生的沼气经过净化后作为燃料，沼渣、沼液按食物链关系作为下一级生产活动的原料、肥料、饲料等进行再利用;同时该模式结合氧化塘或土地处理等自然处理系统，可以使处理出水在非利用季节达到排放标准。该模式主要适用于周边有适当规模的农田、鱼塘或水生植物塘的养猪场，可促进农业有机肥的施用，节制性地使用无机化肥，发展绿色食品产业。该模式同时也具有一定的经济效益，可以实现规模猪场自身的良性、循环发展。

This mode is based on anaerobic digestion as the main process and is a comprehensive resource utilization mode. It mainly refers to the purification of the biogas produced by the fermentation of livestock and poultry manure in a biogas digester, which is used as fuel. The biogas residue and slurry are reused as raw materials, fertilizers, feed, etc. for the next level of production activities according to the food chain relationship; At the same time, this mode, combined with natural treatment systems such as oxidation ponds or land treatment, can enable the treated effluent to meet discharge standards during non use seasons. This model is mainly suitable for pig farms with appropriately sized farmland, fish ponds, or aquatic plant ponds in the surrounding area. It can promote the application of organic fertilizers in agriculture, use inorganic fertilizers in moderation, and develop the green food industry. This model also has certain economic benefits and can achieve the benign and circular development of large-scale pig farms themselves.

2.2 能源环保模式

2.2 Energy and Environmental Protection Model

该模式的关键是粪污水减量化，通过固液分离的方法将固态粪分离出来，分离出的粪渣出售或生产有机复合肥，分离后的液体进行厌氧消化处理，厌氧后的污水再通过好氧处理系统进一步净化处理，达到和地方规定的相关排放标准后，排入相应的水体。该模式是达标排放模式，主要应用于周边既无一定规模的农田，又无闲暇空地可供建造鱼塘和水生植物塘的养猪场。该模式沼气工程通常规模较大，后续达标排放处理运行费用较高。

The key to this model is the reduction of manure and sewage. Firstly, solid manure is separated through solid-liquid separation, and the separated manure residue is sold or used to produce organic compound fertilizer. The separated liquid is subjected to anaerobic digestion treatment, and the anaerobic sewage is further purified through an aerobic treatment system to meet relevant national and local emission standards before being discharged into the corresponding water bodies. This mode is a standard emission mode, mainly applied to pig farms that do not have a certain scale of farmland or leisure space for building fish ponds and aquatic plant ponds in the surrounding area. This mode of biogas engineering usually has a large scale, and the operating costs for subsequent standard emission treatment are relatively high.

2.3两种模式比较

2.3 Comparison of Two Modes

两种模式的共同之处在于均利用沼气技术处理猪场粪污水，利用沼气燃料作为能源，但两种模式在技术上和投资运行成本上有很大的差别。

The commonality between the two modes is that they both use biogas technology to treat pig manure and sewage, and use biogas fuel as energy. However, there are significant differences in technology and investment operating costs between the two modes.

能源生态模式以资源回收与综合利用为目的，主要侧重于沼气、沼渣、沼液等资源的回收与利用，对清粪工艺无特殊要求，多采用全混式厌氧发酵装置，对出水水质无要求，但要求周边应有一定规模的农田消纳沼渣液，以便进行土地利用，或有空闲地可供建造鱼塘和水生植物塘等，通常适用于各类规模的沼气工程。

The energy ecological model aims at resource recovery and comprehensive utilization, mainly focusing on the recovery and utilization of resources such as biogas, biogas residue, and biogas slurry. There are no special requirements for manure cleaning processes, and fully mixed anaerobic fermentation devices are often used. There are no requirements for effluent quality, but there should be a certain scale of farmland in the surrounding area to absorb biogas residue for land use, or there should be idle land available for building fish ponds and aquatic plant ponds. It is usually suitable for biogas projects of various scales.

能源环保型则以处理粪污水为目的，对沼气和沼渣、沼液的利用为辅，对出水水质要求很高，水处理后的终产物必须符合或地方排放标准，因此该模式要求进入沼气装置粪水的悬浮物和固体含量较低，以减轻后续处理的难度和运行费用，较适用于大型沼气工程。在周边无充足的农田消纳有机肥料，出水必须排放的情况下采用该模式，其优点是适应性广，不受地理位置限制，占地少;缺点是投资大，能耗高，运行费高，机械设备多，维护管理量大，需专门的技术人员运行管理。

The energy and environmental protection model aims to treat manure and sewage, supplemented by the utilization of biogas, biogas residue, and biogas slurry. It has high requirements for effluent quality, and the final product after water treatment must meet national or local emission standards. Therefore, this model requires low suspended solids and solid content in the manure water entering the biogas plant to reduce the difficulty and operating costs of subsequent treatment, and is more suitable for large-scale biogas projects. When there is insufficient farmland in the surrounding area to absorb organic fertilizers and the effluent must be discharged, adopting this mode has the advantages of wide adaptability, not limited by geographical location, and occupying less land; The disadvantages are high investment, high energy consumption, high operating costs, multiple mechanical equipment, large maintenance and management workload, requiring specialized technical personnel for operation and management.