沼气的利用越来越普遍。将含有有机质的废水、固体垃圾等经过厌氧处理后，不仅可以将垃圾减量化，而且能产生大量沼气。在这个厌氧发酵的过程中，硫酸盐还原细菌的作用下，也产生大量硫化氢。
The use of biogas is becoming more and more common. After anaerobic treatment of wastewater and solid waste containing organic matter, not only the waste can be reduced, but also a large amount of biogas can be produced. In this anaerobic fermentation process, a large amount of hydrogen sulfide is also produced under the action of sulfate-reducing bacteria.
由于硫化氢有毒、腐蚀性强，如何有效且经济地处理这些沼气中的硫化氢，是衡量一个沼气利用项目成功的重要因素。随着科技的发展、技术的更替，沼气脱硫技术已发展到以生物脱硫为代表的第三代沼气脱硫技术。其中生物脱硫又大体分为一体式生物脱硫和分离式生物脱硫两大类。
Because hydrogen sulfide is toxic and corrosive, how to effectively and economically treat hydrogen sulfide in these biogas is an important factor to measure the success of a biogas utilization project. With the development of science and technology and the replacement of technology, biogas desulfurization technology has developed to the third generation of biogas desulfurization technology represented by biological desulfurization. Biological desulfurization can be divided into integrated biological desulfurization and separated biological desulfurization.
一体式生物脱硫是指：将一定量的空气导入含有硫化氢的沼气中，混合气体通过生物滤池、生物滴滤池以去除硫化氢，脱硫副产物一般为硫酸或者硫酸盐，由于运行成本低，被广泛应用于沼气脱硫发电项目中。
Integrated biological desulfurization refers to the introduction of a certain amount of air into the biogas containing hydrogen sulfide, and the mixed gas passes through the biological filter and biological trickling filter to remove hydrogen sulfide. The by-product of desulfurization is generally sulfuric acid or sulfate, which is widely used in biogas desulfurization power generation projects due to low operating costs.
分离式生物脱硫工艺是指：含硫化氢的沼气气体首入生物洗涤塔，在塔内与混合液中碱反应，先从沼气中脱除硫化氢，然后生物洗涤液进入生物反应器。将反应器中的硫化物转化为单质硫，同时碱液得到再生，重复使用。随着嗜盐脱硫菌的发现，分离式脱硫工艺得到长足发展。解决了一体式生物脱硫容易出现的硫填料易堵塞的问题。在沼气提纯CNG的工艺中、以及高浓度硫化氢的沼气处理工艺中，分离式脱硫工艺占有优势。
Separated biological desulfurization process refers to that the biogas gas containing hydrogen sulfide first enters the biological scrubber, reacts with the alkali in the mixed liquor in the tower, first removes hydrogen sulfide from the biogas, and then the biological scrubber enters the biological reactor. The sulfide in the reactor is converted into elemental sulfur, and the alkali liquor is regenerated and reused. With the discovery of halophilic desulfurizing bacteria, the separated desulfurization process has been greatly developed. It solves the problem that the sulfur filler is easy to block in the integrated biological desulfurization. In the process of purifying CNG from biogas, and in the process of biogas treatment with high concentration of hydrogen sulfide, the separation desulfurization process has advantages.
沼气生物脱硫过程可以用双膜理论来解释，大致可以分为溶解吸收---吸附---转化三个过程。
The process of biogas biological desulfurization can be explained by the two-membrane theory, which can be roughly divided into three processes: dissolution absorption - adsorption - conversion.
溶解吸收：沼气中的硫化氢气体在气液界面上，由气相转移到液相。
Dissolution absorption: hydrogen sulfide gas in biogas is transferred from gas phase to liquid phase at gas-liquid interface.
H2S + OH-—— H2O + HS-
H2S + OH-—— H2O + HS-
吸附：溶液中硫氢根离子被脱硫微生物吸附，从水中转移至微生物体内。
Adsorption: the hydrogen sulfide ion in the solution is adsorbed by the desulfurization microorganism and transferred from the water to the microorganism.
HS-——[细胞膜+HS-]
HS - [cell membrane+HS -]
转化：在脱硫微生物体内，硫氢根被转化成单质硫或硫酸根，作为吸收剂的碱液被再生，重新吸收硫化氢。
Transformation: in the desulfurization microorganism, hydrogen sulfide is converted into elemental sulfur or sulfate, and the alkali liquor used as absorbent is regenerated to reabsorb hydrogen sulfide.
[细胞膜+HS-]——S0+ HO-或 [细胞膜+HS]——SO42-+ HO
[Cell membrane+HS -] - S0+HO - or [Cell membrane+HS] - SO42 -+HO
在此过程中，有效控制一定的氧含量是脱硫细菌繁殖生存的必要条件，所以在这个生物脱硫工艺过程，对硫化氢（H2S）和氧气（O2）的连续监控是*的要求。
In this process, effective control of certain oxygen content is a necessary condition for the proliferation and survival of desulfurization bacteria, so in this biological desulfurization process, continuous monitoring of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and oxygen (O2) is a * requirement.
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