煤气是以煤为原料加工制得的含有可燃组分的气体,它是由多种可燃成分组成的一种气体燃料;煤气种类繁多,成分也比较复杂,一般可分为人工煤气和天然煤气两大类,发生炉煤气作为我国主要能源之一的煤炭的一种洁净利用方式,在我国工业各行业被广泛应用。对煤气的净化不止是含焦油量、含尘量和含水量的净化,更重要的煤气中的含硫量,所以我们要了解煤气脱硫的重要性和方法。
Coal gas is a kind of gas fuel which is made from coal and contains combustible components. There are many kinds of gas and its components are complex. It can be divided into artificial gas and natural gas. As one of the main energy sources in China, producer gas is widely used in various industries . The purification of gas is not only the purification of tar content, dust content and water content, but also the sulfur content in gas. Therefore, we need to understand the importance and methods of gas desulfurization.
煤气中的成分主要有一氧化碳、甲烷、炭氢化合物、氢气、氮气、二氧化碳,还含有少量的粉尘、水、硫、焦油、萘、氨、苯等杂质;煤气中的硫主要以硫化氢(H2S)和二氧化硫(SO2)形式存在,其中绝大部分是以硫化氢的形式存在,而硫化氢随煤气燃烧后转化成二氧化硫形式排放,与燃烧产生的水蒸气(H2O)结合成亚硫酸(H2SO3),不但对金属表面产生腐蚀,还会对大气环境造成严重污染,影响人体健康;如果用煤气炼钢,会降低钢的质量,二氧化硫对陶瓷、玻璃、高岭土行业的产品质量影响更大。
The main components of the gas are carbon monoxide, methane, carbon hydrogen compounds, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and a small amount of dust, water, sulfur, tar, naphthalene, ammonia, benzene and other impurities; the sulfur in the gas mainly exists in the form of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), most of which exist in the form of hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen sulfide is converted into disulfide with the combustion of the gas Sulfur dioxide is discharged in the form of sulfur oxide, which combines with water vapor (H2O) produced by combustion to form sulphurous acid (H2SO3), which not only corrodes the metal surface, but also causes serious pollution to the atmospheric environment and affects human health. If gas is used to make steel, the quality of steel will be reduced, and sulfur dioxide has a greater impact on the product quality of ceramics, glass and kaolin industries.
综合以上因素,煤气脱硫已成为其洁净度的一个及其重要的指标,无论从环保排放还是保证产品质量来说,煤气中的这部分硫化氢都是要脱除的,煤气脱硫不仅可以提高煤气质量,同时还可以生产硫磺或硫酸,综合利用。
Combined with the above factors, gas desulfurization has become an important indicator of its cleanliness. No matter from the perspective of environmental emission or product quality, this part of hydrogen sulfide in gas should be removed. Gas desulfurization can not only improve the quality of gas, but also produce sulfur or sulfuric acid for comprehensive utilization.
煤气脱硫方法总体分为两种:热煤气脱硫和冷煤气脱硫。在我们,热煤气脱硫尚在试验研究阶段,而冷煤气脱硫具有比较成熟的技术。冷煤气脱硫大体上要分为干法脱硫和湿法脱硫两种,干法脱硫以氧化铁法和活性炭法应用比较广泛,湿法脱硫以砷碱法、ADA、改良ADA和栲脱法为主。
There are two kinds of gas desulfurization methods: hot gas desulfurization and cold gas desulfurization. In our country, hot gas desulfurization is still in the experimental research stage, while cold gas desulfurization has relatively mature technology. In general, cold gas desulfurization can be divided into dry desulfurization and wet desulfurization. Iron oxide method and activated carbon method are widely used in dry desulfurization, while arsenic alkali method, ADA, modified ADA and Castanopsis method are mainly used in wet desulfurization.