1.运营管理不到位。运行中，脱硫液温度过高，一般控制在38-42℃为宜。高于45℃，气泡易碎，元素硫浮选差，生成的次生盐多。一般三种二次盐(Na2S2O3Na2SO4NaCNS)之和应小于250 g/L，随着副反应的增多，容易析出结晶，形成盐堵。盐堵后不仅塔阻增大，而且设备腐蚀严重。盐堵后，再好的催化剂也无能为力；从氧化再生罐中飘出的硫磺气泡不能及时溢出，在液面停留时间过长。硫磺气泡破碎后落下，在溶液中形成悬浮的硫磺，由脱硫泵带入塔内，沉积在填料上。时间长了，硫塞就形成了。溶液循环量不能保持稳定，调节过于频繁。当它减少时，可以从溶液的组成进行一些调整。运行后，吹炼强度可以稳定在一个较好的量上，一般不宜做太大的调整，否则会影响元素硫的浮选，导致再生成果不佳。
1. Inadequate operational management. During operation, the temperature of the desulfurization solution is too high, and it is generally recommended to control it at 38-42 ℃. Above 45 ℃, bubbles are fragile, elemental sulfur flotation is poor, and more secondary salts are generated. Generally, the sum of the three secondary salts (Na2S2O3Na2SO4NaCNS) should be less than 250 g/L. With the increase of side reactions, it is easy to precipitate crystals and form salt blockage. After salt blockage, not only does the tower resistance increase, but also the equipment suffers from severe corrosion. After salt blockage, even a good catalyst is powerless; The sulfur bubbles floating out of the oxidation regeneration tank cannot overflow in a timely manner and remain on the liquid level for a long time. After the sulfur bubbles break, they fall and form suspended sulfur in the solution, which is brought into the tower by the desulfurization pump and deposited on the packing. Over time, sulfur plugs form. The circulation volume of the solution cannot be kept stable and adjusted too frequently. When it decreases, some adjustments can be made from the composition of the solution. After operation, the blowing strength can be stabilized at a good level, and it is generally not advisable to make too large adjustments, otherwise it will affect the flotation of elemental sulfur and lead to poor regeneration results.
2.催化剂选择不当，劣质催化剂虽然价格低廉，但在沼气脱硫设备应用过程中，塔内析出的单质硫不能及时随溶液取出，会长期堵塞塔，严重影响生产。
2. Improper selection of catalysts. Although low-quality catalysts are cheap, during the application of biogas desulfurization equipment, the elemental sulfur released from the tower cannot be removed with the solution in a timely manner, which can cause long-term blockage of the tower and seriously affect production.
3.进塔气体质量差，气体夹带的煤灰、煤焦油等杂质长期堆积在填料上，造成塔阻力增大，堵塞脱硫设备。
3. The quality of gas entering the tower is poor, and the impurities such as coal ash and coal tar carried by the gas accumulate on the filler for a long time, which increases the tower resistance and blocks the desulfurization equipment.
4.80%的脱硫吸收和硫沉淀反应是在脱硫设备中进行的。塔内析出的硫不能及时随脱硫液带出塔外，较易粘在填料表面，时间长了导致气偏、堵塔。
4.80% of desulfurization absorption and sulfur precipitation reactions are carried out in desulfurization equipment. The sulfur precipitated inside the tower cannot be brought out of the tower in a timely manner with the desulfurization liquid, which is more likely to stick to the surface of the filler, leading to gas deviation and tower blockage over time.
5.溶液循环量小，喷雾密度降低。一般要求喷淋密度为35-50 m3/㎡h，容易使塔内填料形成干燥区，气液接触不好，会降低脱硫效率。时间长了会形成局部堵塞，气液偏移，塔阻力增大，造成脱硫设备堵塞。
5. The solution circulation is small, and the spray density decreases. The general requirement is for a spray density of 35-50 m3/㎡/h, which can easily cause the filling material in the tower to form a dry area. Poor gas-liquid contact can reduce desulfurization efficiency. Over time, local blockage may occur, resulting in gas-liquid deviation, increased tower resistance, and blockage of desulfurization equipment.
6.脱硫系统设备有问题。一是设备填料选择不当，脱硫设备气液分布器、再分布器、除雾器结构不合理或安装有偏差。脱硫设备检修时，只将塔内填料拔出清洗，而除雾器和驼峰板之间堆积的碎填料和硫磺没有及时清理干净，造成除雾器和驼峰板的降液管孔不通畅，以致启动后气体跑偏，塔阻上升。二是溶液再生有问题，硫浮选效率差，悬浮硫上升，脱硫效率下降。主要表现为再生沼气脱硫设备不配套，氧化再生罐设计存在缺陷。
6. There is a problem with the desulfurization system equipment. One is the improper selection of equipment fillers, as well as the unreasonable structure or installation deviation of the gas-liquid distributor, redistributor, and mist eliminator of the desulfurization equipment. During the maintenance of desulfurization equipment, only the packing inside the tower was pulled out for cleaning, while the accumulated crushed packing and sulfur between the mist eliminator and the hump plate were not cleaned in a timely manner, resulting in unobstructed downcomer holes of the mist eliminator and hump plate, resulting in gas deviation and tower resistance rising after startup. Secondly, there are problems with solution regeneration, such as poor sulfur flotation efficiency, an increase in suspended sulfur, and a decrease in desulfurization efficiency. The main manifestation is that the regeneration biogas desulfurization equipment is not matched, and there are defects in the design of the oxidation regeneration tank.
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2023-06-06
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