生物脱硫技术是一种在常温、常压下利用好氣菌脱除含硫化合物中硫原子的新技术女该技术被认为是炼油厂常规加氢脱硫技术的潜在替代工艺。在生物脱硫过程中，细菌从石油馏分中除去硫原子而不破坏有机物的碳骨架结构，DBT及其衍生物等在细菌的作用下转化为亚硫酸盐和不含硫的有机化合物，从而为深度脱硫提供了可能性!。相比加氢脱硫等传统脱硫技术，生物脱硫技术有以下优点:①运行条件温和(常温常压)，可减小对氢的需求、节省大量的能源:@具有较低的投资及运营成本:③可显著减少二氧化碳的排放:④高选择性，可有效地从DBT及其衍生物中除去硫;⑤不会产生不良的副产物，可最大程度地保留油品的热值5。因此，生物脱硫技术被认为是一种环境友好型且非常具有潜力的油品脱硫方法

　　Biological desulfurization technology is a new technology that uses aerobic bacteria to remove sulfur atoms from sulfur-containing compounds at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. This technology is considered a potential alternative to conventional hydrogenation desulfurization technology in refineries. In the process of biological desulfurization, bacteria remove sulfur atoms from petroleum fractions without damaging the carbon skeleton structure of organic matter. DBT and its derivatives are converted into sulfite and sulfur free organic compounds under the action of bacteria, providing the possibility for deep desulfurization!. Compared with traditional desulfurization technologies such as hydrogen desulfurization, biological desulfurization technology has the following advantages: ① mild operating conditions (normal temperature and pressure), which can reduce the demand for hydrogen and save a lot of energy; @ has lower investment and operating costs; ③ can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions; ④ high selectivity, which can effectively remove sulfur from DBT and its derivatives; ⑤ It will not produce any adverse by-products and can maximize the retention of the calorific value of the oil. Therefore, biological desulfurization technology is considered an environmentally friendly and highly promising method for oil desulfurization

　　石油的生物脱硫是一个复杂的生物反应过程，是由微生物主导进行的多相反应。生物脱硫工艺大体可包括3个主要过程，即生物催化剂的制备、原料的生物脱硫反应和产品的分离回收。

　　The biological desulfurization of petroleum is a complex biological reaction process, which is a multiphase reaction dominated by microorganisms. The biological desulfurization process generally includes three main processes, namely the preparation of biocatalysts, the biological desulfurization reaction of raw materials, and the separation and recovery of products.

　　生物催化剂的制备过程涉及脱硫菌和脱硫酶的培育、发酵，主要分为2种:游离细菌和固定化细菌。游离细菌又可分为生长细胞与静息细胞2种，生长细胞是指维持生长状态的细胞，在生物脱硫反应中同时进行新陈代谢和能量代谢;静息细胞是指仅维持代谢活动但处于停止分裂状态的细胞，具有高反应专一性及高催化活性，在生物脱硫反应过程只进行能量代谢而不进行生长代谢。固定化细菌是指通过物理或化学的方法，将游离细菌负载于特定载体上并使其保持活性的一种生物技术，相比游离细菌，固定化细菌具有更高的稳定性、更易于回收以及更好的可重复使用性等优点，生物脱硫反应的主体是细菌，脱硫活性、底物适应性等决定了脱硫效果的优劣，因此获取高性能的脱硫菌株是目前研究的重点之一。

　　The preparation process of biocatalysts involves the cultivation and fermentation of desulfurizing bacteria and enzymes, mainly divided into two types: free bacteria and immobilized bacteria. Free bacteria can be divided into two types: growing cells and resting cells. Growing cells refer to cells that maintain their growth state and undergo metabolism and energy metabolism simultaneously in biological desulfurization reactions; Resting cells refer to cells that only maintain metabolic activity but are in a state of cessation of division, with high reaction specificity and catalytic activity. They only undergo energy metabolism during biological desulfurization reactions and do not undergo growth metabolism. Fixed bacteria refer to a biotechnology that uses physical or chemical methods to load free bacteria onto specific carriers and maintain their activity. Compared to free bacteria, fixed bacteria have higher stability, easier recovery, and better reusability. The main body of biological desulfurization reactions is bacteria, and desulfurization activity, substrate adaptability, etc. determine the quality of desulfurization effect. Therefore, obtaining high-performance desulfurization strains is currently one of the research focuses.

　　生物反应器应保证生物催化剂可与汽油、柴油等原料充分混合，以提高含硫化合物的传质效率进而加快脱硫速率。目前已见报道投人使用的反应器包括连续搅拌式反应器、气升式反应器、乳相接触反应器、流化床反应器和微通道反应器等[14。各类生物脱硫反应器的特点如表1所示产品的分离回收主要包括以下3个部分:①分离回收脱硫后的汽油、柴油;②回收活性生物催化剂并回流至发酵罐:③回收含硫化学品。在生物脱硫反应器中为了提高含硫化合物的传质效率，需要保证油、水、固三相的充分混合，但这会造成严重的乳化现象，加大后续汽油、柴油分离回收的难度8。分离装置可通过水力旋流器或加人化学剂破乳提高分离效率;水相中的硫酸盐可通过离子交换树脂、半渗透离子交换膜或电渗析脱除，从而恢复生物催化剂活性:分离得到的硫酸盐可用于生产硫酸钠或硫酸铵。

　　The bioreactor should ensure that the biocatalyst can be fully mixed with raw materials such as gasoline and diesel to improve the mass transfer efficiency of sulfur-containing compounds and accelerate the desulfurization rate. At present, the reactors that have been reported for use include continuous stirred reactors, air lift reactors, emulsion phase contact reactors, fluidized bed reactors, and microchannel reactors [14]. The characteristics of various types of biological desulfurization reactors are shown in Table 1. The separation and recovery of products mainly include the following three parts: ① separation and recovery of desulfurized gasoline and diesel; ② recovery of active biocatalysts and reflux to the fermentation tank; ③ recovery of sulfur-containing chemicals. In order to improve the mass transfer efficiency of sulfur-containing compounds in biological desulfurization reactors, it is necessary to ensure sufficient mixing of oil, water, and solid phases, but this will cause serious emulsification phenomena, increasing the difficulty of subsequent separation and recovery of gasoline and diesel. 8. The separation device can be achieved by using a hydraulic cyclone or adding chemicals. Emulsification of agents improves separation efficiency; Sulfate in the aqueous phase can be removed by ion exchange resin, semi permeable ion exchange membrane, or electrodialysis to restore the activity of biocatalysts: the separated sulfate can be used to produce sodium sulfate or ammonium sulfate.

　　本文由 生物脱硫  友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  https://www.hneee.net/   真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

　　This article is contributed by the friendship of biological desulfurization. For more related knowledge, please click https://www.hneee.net/ Sincere attitude. We provide you with comprehensive services. We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone. Please stay tuned生物反应器应保证生物催化剂可与汽油、柴油等原料充分混合，以提高含硫化合物的传质效率进而加快脱硫速率。目前已见报道投人使用的反应器包括连续搅拌式反应器、气升式反应器、乳相接触反应器、流化床反应器和微通道反应器等[14。各类生物脱硫反应器的特点如表1所示产品的分离回收主要包括以下3个部分:①分离回收脱硫后的汽油、柴油;②回收活性生物催化剂并回流至发酵罐:③回收含硫化学品。在生物脱硫反应器中为了提高含硫化合物的传质效率，需要保证油、水、固三相的充分混合，但这会造成严重的乳化现象，加大后续汽油、柴油分离回收的难度8。分离装置可通过水力旋流器或加人化学剂破乳提高分离效率;水相中的硫酸盐可通过离子交换树脂、半渗透离子交换膜或电渗析脱除，从而恢复生物催化剂活性:分离得到的硫酸盐可用于生产硫酸钠或硫酸铵。

　　The bioreactor should ensure that the biocatalyst can be fully mixed with raw materials such as gasoline and diesel to improve the mass transfer efficiency of sulfur-containing compounds and accelerate the desulfurization rate. At present, the reactors that have been reported for use include continuous stirred reactors, air lift reactors, emulsion phase contact reactors, fluidized bed reactors, and microchannel reactors [14]. The characteristics of various types of biological desulfurization reactors are shown in Table 1. The separation and recovery of products mainly include the following three parts: ① separation and recovery of desulfurized gasoline and diesel; ② recovery of active biocatalysts and reflux to the fermentation tank; ③ recovery of sulfur-containing chemicals. In order to improve the mass transfer efficiency of sulfur-containing compounds in biological desulfurization reactors, it is necessary to ensure sufficient mixing of oil, water, and solid phases, but this will cause serious emulsification phenomena, increasing the difficulty of subsequent separation and recovery of gasoline and diesel. 8. The separation device can be achieved by using a hydraulic cyclone or adding chemicals. Emulsification of agents improves separation efficiency; Sulfate in the aqueous phase can be removed by ion exchange resin, semi permeable ion exchange membrane, or electrodialysis to restore the activity of biocatalysts: the separated sulfate can be used to produce sodium sulfate or ammonium sulfate.

　　本文由 生物脱硫  友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  https://www.hneee.net/   真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

　　This article is contributed by the friendship of biological desulfurization. For more related knowledge, please click https://www.hneee.net/ Sincere attitude. We provide you with comprehensive services. We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone. Please stay tuned