鉴于全球化石燃料所面临的枯竭危机，对生物质燃料的开发和应用已经成为各国关注的。其中，沼气和生物天然气作为可再生能源，具有利用成本低、对环境无污染的特点，是替代常规化石能源的环保燃料。随着大型沼气、生物天然气工程的快速发展，
沼气脱硫提纯为高附加值生物燃气的需求日益迫切，沼气净化提纯技术得到了不同程度的应用和发展。
In view of the global fossil fuel depletion crisis, the development and application of biomass fuel has become the focus of attention. Among them, biogas and biogas, as renewable energy, have the characteristics of low utilization cost and no pollution to the environment. They are high-quality environmental protection fuels instead of conventional fossil energy. With the rapid development of large-scale biogas and biogas projects, the demand of biogas desulfurization and purification to high value-added biogas is increasingly urgent, and the biogas purification technology has been applied and developed in different degrees.
沼气提纯精制生物天然气脱硫技术
Desulfurization technology of biogas purification and purification
国内外用于
沼气脱硫的常见工艺有干法脱硫、PSA脱硫、化学法脱硫、生物脱硫、膜别离法脱硫等。而在沼气提纯精制生物天然气领域，主要有活性碳系或氧化铁系干法脱硫、碱洗脱硫、生物脱硫。其间，生物脱硫因为向质料气中引入了氧氮等杂质气体，因而只能用于沼气发电而不能用于沼气精制，以下就对沼气提纯中的脱硫技能及其特点进行说明：
The common processes used for biogas desulfurization at home and abroad are dry desulfurization, PSA desulfurization, chemical desulfurization, biological desulfurization, membrane separation desulfurization, etc. In the field of biogas purification and purification, there are mainly activated carbon or iron oxide dry desulfurization, alkali washing desulfurization and biological desulfurization. Meanwhile, bio desulfurization can only be used for biogas power generation but not for biogas purification because of the introduction of impurity gases such as oxygen and nitrogen into the feed gas. The following describes the desulfurization skills and characteristics in biogas purification:
1干法脱硫
1 dry desulfurization
干法脱硫是经过固体脱硫剂将气态硫化物转化为固体硫化物，该法特点是设备制造简单、操作简便，净化度较高，脱硫剂可再生。但缺点是价值很低，达到饱和硫容后就须更换。一般用于气量小、硫化氢含量低，需求深度脱硫的气体脱硫，且对气温和水份有一定的要求。脱硫剂一般分为活性碳系、氧化铁系、锌锰系几类。脱硫塔多为固定床层，多塔串联运用，用过的脱硫剂可经过掺煤燃烧或厂家收回处理再利用。
Dry desulfurization is the conversion of gaseous sulfide to solid sulfide by solid desulfurizer, which is characterized by simple equipment manufacturing, simple operation, high purification degree and renewable desulfurizer. But the disadvantage is that the value is very low, and it needs to be replaced after reaching the saturated sulfur capacity. It is generally used for gas desulfurization with small gas volume, low hydrogen sulfide content and deep desulfurization demand, and has certain requirements for air temperature and water content. Desulfurizer is generally divided into activated carbon system, iron oxide system, zinc manganese system. The desulfurizer is mostly fixed bed, which is used in series. The used desulfurizer can be burned with coal or recycled by the manufacturer.
2PSA和膜别离法脱硫
2psa and membrane separation desulfurization
变压吸附(PSA)的原理是以吸附剂对不同的气体在不同的压力下，气体吸附速率和量的不同而完成气体的别离。膜别离法则是利用气体分子大小不同能选择性透过膜和不同气体穿透速率不同而完成气体的别离。这两种办法别离出的硫化氢都需求再处理，同时对甲烷气带来较大的损失。
The principle of PSA is to separate different gases with different adsorption rate and amount under different pressure. The separation rule of membrane is to use the gas molecules with different sizes to selectively penetrate the membrane and different gas penetration rates to complete gas separation. The hydrogen sulfide separated from these two methods needs to be reprocessed, and at the same time, it will bring great loss to methane gas.
另外，膜别离法中运用的膜要常常更换，运转成本较高，而变压吸附剂和化学吸收剂可循环运用，因而，变压吸附法相关于膜别离技能的实际运用更广。
In addition, the membrane used in membrane separation method should be replaced frequently with high operation cost, while the PSA and chemical absorbent can be recycled, so the practical application of PSA on membrane separation technology is more extensive.
3碱洗脱硫
3 alkali washing desulfurization
碱洗脱硫是指选用碱液循环运用进行脱硫，根据再生办法不同可分为：化学法和生物法。两种办法在脱硫、硫磺处理、配碱等工序上均相同，其间选用催化剂再生的工艺叫化学再生脱硫，选用生物菌再生的工艺叫生物再生脱硫。
Alkali washing desulfurization refers to the use of alkali liquor circulation for desulfurization, which can be divided into chemical method and biological method according to different regeneration methods. The two methods are the same in desulfurization, sulfur treatment, alkali preparation and other processes. The process of catalyst regeneration is called chemical regeneration desulfurization, and the process of biological bacteria regeneration is called biological regeneration desulfurization.
除了再生办法不同之外，这两种办法主要的运用领域也各自不同，其间生物再生式碱洗脱硫工艺在沼气发电气体预处理工序中有一定的运用，在沼气精制天然气的气体脱除硫化氢实际项目中则没有运用，化学再生法相对而言运用则更广一些。
In addition to the different regeneration methods, the main application fields of the two methods are also different. In the meantime, the biological regeneration alkali washing desulfurization process has certain application in the gas pretreatment process of biogas power generation, but not in the actual project of gas hydrogen sulfide removal of biogas refined natural gas. The chemical regeneration method is relatively more widely used.
5生物脱硫
5 biological desulfurization
生物脱硫工艺是一种新型的脱硫工艺，越来越遭到企业的欢迎。生物脱硫的基本原理是利用硫杆菌属和丝硫茵属类微生物代谢的效果，将硫化氢与氧气合成为硫酸盐进而除去沼气中的硫氢，脱硫产品为硫酸盐。
Biological desulfurization process is a new type of desulfurization process, which is more and more popular in enterprises. The basic principle of biological desulfurization is to use the metabolism effect of Thiobacillus and thiomyces to synthesize hydrogen sulfide and oxygen into sulfate and then remove hydrogen sulfide in biogas, and the desulfurization product is sulfate.
尽管其运用较为便捷，运转成本较低，但由于脱硫过程中同时引入了杂质气体，在后续工序中无法去除，同时生物脱硫刚刚起步，技能还不成熟，大多运用进口技能和设备，因而投资成本相对较高，大约为常规干法脱硫的3～5倍。
Although it is convenient to use and low in operation cost, due to the introduction of impurity gas in the desulfurization process, it can not be removed in the subsequent process. At the same time, the biological desulfurization is just in its infancy and the skills are not mature. Most of the imported skills and equipment are used, so the investment cost is relatively high, about 3-5 times of the conventional dry desulfurization.
The above is a brief introduction to the desulfurization technology of biogas purification and purification. For more information, please click biogas desulfurization https://www.hneee.net Website.
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2020-06-22
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